British Arctic explorer. His first voyage in Arctic waters was on a whaling cruise in 1886—1887, and in 1893 he made a sledge-journey of 3000 miles across where he explored the frozen tundra in arctic Russia, lying between the Ob and the Pechora. His narrative of this journey was published under the title of The Great Frozen Land (1895). On his return, he was given the command of the Jackson-Harmsworth Arctic expedition (1894—1897). Sponsored by the Royal Geographical Society, this expedition had for objective the general exploration of Franz Josef Land. Whilst leading this expedition, Jackson and his men were contacted on June 17, 1896, by the Norwegian arctic explorer Fridtjof Nansen and his companion Hjalmar Johansen who had been missing, presumed dead, for three years, and who were trying to reach Spitsbergen by kayak. Jackson informed him that they were in fact on Franz Josef Land, and with Jackson's help, Nansen and Johansen were able to return home, departing aboard the Windward on August 7. Jackson and his party wintered at their camp according to plan. The Jackson-Harmsworth expedition proved that Franz Josef Land is nothing more than an archipelago of small islands. In recognition of his services he received a knighthood of the first class of the Norwegian Royal Order of St Olaf in 1898, and was awarded the gold medal of the Paris Geographical Society in 1899. His account of the expedition was published under the title of A Thousand Days in the Arctic (1899). He served in South Africa with the 5th (Militia) Battalion, Manchester Regiment, during the Second Boer War, reaching the rank of Captain. He transferred to the 4th Battalion, East Surrey Regiment in 1905, serving in the First World War and reaching the rank of Major. His travels also include a journey across the Australian deserts.